**Abstract:**
Heat pump technology has become a promising energy solution that is gaining significant attention worldwide. Initially popular in air conditioning systems, it is now increasingly used in sanitary hot water supply systems due to its energy efficiency and environmental benefits. Among various types of heat pumps, the air-source heat pump stands out for its simple structure, ease of installation, and minimal space requirements. It is especially advantageous in providing hot water for residential use. In addition to large-scale systems, several brands have introduced compact, household-friendly air-source heat pump water heaters, making them more accessible to consumers.
**Keywords:** air source heat pump, hot water system, school bathing project, case study
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**1. Features of Home Central Air Conditioning**
Compared to traditional home air conditioners, central air conditioning systems offer more even temperature distribution and reduced temperature fluctuations. The indoor units are typically mounted on the ceiling, with air ducts and refrigerant lines neatly concealed, creating a cleaner and more integrated look. Each household usually has one central unit, eliminating the need for multiple outdoor units that can be unsightly and potentially unsafe. This not only enhances the aesthetics of the living environment but also reduces the risk of outdoor units falling due to weather conditions.
Additionally, central air conditioning eliminates the problem of visible and hanging pipes that are common with conventional indoor units, offering a more elegant and practical solution for modern homes.
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**2. Installation Issues and Solutions for Home Central Air Conditioning**
The performance of home central air conditioning heavily depends on proper installation and design. Therefore, it's essential to hire a professional installation company rather than a general contractor. Unfortunately, the current market is filled with unqualified installers who lack proper training and certification. Some do not provide detailed installation instructions or consider the actual energy efficiency of the system, leading to poor performance and potential long-term issues.
Moreover, some companies fail to disclose material costs or use substandard materials, resulting in shoddy work and customer dissatisfaction. These problems can damage the reputation of manufacturers and lead to financial losses for users. To address this, manufacturers must invest in training their installers and ensure they are equipped with up-to-date knowledge about new technologies and products.
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**3. Key Considerations for Installation**
**(1) Outdoor Unit Installation**
For independent homes, the outdoor unit can be placed on the ground or roof, minimizing noise disturbance. In multi-unit buildings, it should be installed on open balconies or rooftops. However, many installers neglect vibration control, placing units directly on balconies or walls, causing noise pollution and disturbing neighbors. Proper installation includes using anti-vibration pads, ensuring adequate spacing for airflow, and avoiding direct exposure to sunlight or harsh weather conditions.
The outdoor unit should be as close as possible to the indoor unit to reduce pipe length and maintain optimal performance. If installed on the street, it should be at least 2.5 meters above the ground to avoid hindrance. Exhaust vents should be directed away from neighbors, and protective measures like awnings may be necessary in coastal or polluted areas.
**(2) Indoor Unit Installation**
The indoor unit is crucial for the system’s performance. Improper installation can lead to leaks, excessive noise, or even damage to the unit. It should be installed according to the design plan, avoiding high-traffic areas. The unit must be level, with proper vibration damping and insulation to prevent condensation. Drainage must be properly sealed and tested, and sound-absorbing panels should be used to reduce noise levels to acceptable limits.
**(3) Fan Coil Installation**
Fan coils are the terminal units of the duct system. Poor installation often results in noise, inefficient cooling, or improper airflow. They should be installed horizontally, connected with metal hoses to avoid air pockets, and positioned to allow free airflow. The return air inlet should be properly placed to prevent short-circuiting and ensure balanced air distribution.
**(4) Water Pipe Installation**
Water pipes require careful insulation to prevent condensation. Pressure tests must be conducted after installation, and the pipes should be securely fastened. Avoid creating air pockets, and ensure all connections are tight before connecting to the air conditioning unit. Expansion tanks should be installed at the highest point of the system to maintain pressure and remove non-condensable gases.
**(5) Refrigerant Pipe Installation**
Refrigerant pipes must be installed according to design specifications, avoiding sudden size changes or kinks. All joints should be properly welded or sealed, and leak testing must be done after welding. For VRV systems, sealing is critical, as refrigerant leaks can pose serious health risks if inhaled.
**(6) Duct Installation**
Ducts must meet manufacturer specifications and be made of safe, durable materials. Poor-quality ducts can affect system performance and user safety. Insulation should be sufficient to prevent condensation, and ducts should be straight, smooth, and properly sealed. Noise reduction measures, such as guide vanes, should be considered to enhance comfort.
**(7) Electrical Equipment Installation**
Electrical installations must comply with national standards. Wires and cables should be dedicated and properly insulated. A separate circuit with a leakage protector and circuit breaker is essential for safety. Control panels should be placed in accessible locations, and temperature probes should be installed in suitable positions based on user preferences.
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**3. Conclusion**
To support the growing demand for home central air conditioning, it is vital for manufacturers to improve installation quality and standardize procedures. This ensures the protection of users, manufacturers, and installation companies alike. Although central air conditioning is still in its early stages in the domestic market, it shows strong growth potential. However, without addressing installation challenges, the industry’s development could be hindered. By investing in training and quality control, the industry can continue to thrive and deliver reliable, efficient solutions to homeowners.
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