[Example 1] Power is turned on, but the motor does not rotate. Diagnosis and Repair: Start by checking the power circuit using the provided schematic. When troubleshooting, first verify if the working indicator light is illuminated. If it isn’t, the issue might be with the power input or switch K1. However, more commonly, the primary coil of the power transformer B1 could be open.
If B1 is not burnt out, use a multimeter to test continuity at each tap to locate the break. Once identified, reconnect the broken section properly. If B1 is burnt, it needs to be rewound or replaced.
If the indicator light is on, check the speed control switch K2, timer, and motor for faults. First, measure the voltage across the motor. If it’s not 220V, the problem may lie in the timer or K2. To inspect K2, clean the contact surfaces with a blade to remove oxidation. Adjust the spring tension to ensure good contact.
For the timer, remove it, disassemble, and clean the contacts. Adjust or recalibrate if necessary. If the spring or cam is damaged, replace the timer. If the motor has 220V but still doesn’t run, the motor itself may be faulty. Check for foreign objects between the stator and rotor. If found, remove them. If there’s no “click†sound, the winding may be open, requiring rewinding or replacement.
[Example 2] The motor runs slower, and the brushes produce large sparks. Diagnosis and Repair: This issue is usually caused by dirt or weak spring pressure between the carbon brushes and the commutator, leading to poor contact.
Open the unit, unscrew the brush housing, and remove the carbon brushes with their springs. Clean the brushes, spring, and commutator with isopropyl alcohol. If the brush tip is chipped, sand it to form a smooth curved surface that matches the commutator. Then, increase the spring tension. After these steps, the problem should typically be resolved.
[Example 3] During operation, the centrifuge produces loud vibrations and noise. Diagnosis and Repair: Here are common causes and solutions for vibration and noise:
1. Loose screws on the rotating shaft or damping spring mounting points on the base. Tighten them back.
2. Bent motor shaft or worn bearings. A bent shaft can be repaired or replaced. Worn bearings may require adding a spacer or replacing the bearing.
3. Damping springs lose elasticity or break. Replace the springs.
4. The cover is deformed or misaligned. Fix and reposition it securely.
5. Foreign objects like broken glass in the tube sleeves cause imbalance. Always check each sleeve before use and remove any debris.
6. Mismatched test tube sets. Ensure the test tubes are compatible with the centrifuge model. Do not mix different types, as this can cause vibrations and noise.
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