Organic Fertilizer Production Methods
Source: Tianjin Daily
The production of organic fertilizer can be done using various natural materials and traditional techniques. These methods not only help in recycling agricultural waste but also improve soil fertility in a sustainable way.
**Weed-based Organic Fertilizer Method:**
To make compost from weeds, you can use semi-dry weeds mixed with fine dry soil and human waste. Start by laying a 7 to 10 cm thick layer of pond mud or fine soil on the ground. Then add a layer of semi-dry weeds, sprinkle a small amount of human excrement, and cover it with another 7 to 10 cm layer of fine dry soil. Continue stacking these layers until the pile reaches about 1.5 meters in height, then seal it with pond mud. After 30 to 35 days, re-seal the pile and let it sit for an additional 15 to 20 days before applying it to the field.
**Straw-based Organic Fertilizer Method:**
For straw compost, mix dry straw, wheat straw, and other crop stalks with fine dry soil and manure in a ratio of 6:3:1. Soak the crop straws in water one day before the last planting season. Then pile them up with fine dry soil and human waste, making a heap about 1.5 meters high, and seal it with pond mud. After 25 to 30 days, turn the pile and reseal it. Wait another 15 to 20 days before using it as fertilizer.
**Chemical-based Fertilizer Method:**
This method combines chemical fertilizers, manure, and fine dry soil. The specific formula includes 25 kg of calcium phosphate, 25 kg of sulfuric acid, 1.25 kg of zinc sulfate, 7.5 kg of potassium chloride, 500 kg of human waste (or 250 kg of pig manure), and 1000 kg of fine dry soil. Mix all the ingredients thoroughly, compact the pile, and cover it with a plastic film. Let it ferment for 25 to 30 days before application.
**High-Temperature Composting Method:**
This technique uses livestock manure from pigs, cows, and sheep mixed with turf or fresh weeds in a 2:1 ratio. Add enough water to keep the mixture moist, then pile it up and cover it with a plastic film. After 20 to 25 days, the compost is ready for use. This method accelerates decomposition through heat generated during the process.
**Septic Tank Fermentation Method:**
In this approach, livestock and poultry manure are directly placed into a closed septic tank for full fermentation. This prevents ammonia from evaporating due to wind and rain, which often happens in open storage. It also ensures that the manure is fully decomposed, making it more effective as a nutrient-rich fertilizer.
These traditional methods offer a low-cost and environmentally friendly way to produce organic fertilizers, helping farmers reduce dependency on synthetic inputs while improving soil health over time.
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