On November 10th, at the opening ceremony of APEC, the beautiful scenery of the Bird's Nest LED screen and the fireworks are probably not forgotten. This screen built by LED lights has a width of 232 meters and a height of 55 meters. The total area is more than 12,000 square meters, giving people a round of light and shadow feast. This is the beautiful scene that lighting technology has developed to today. At the same time, the Bird's Nest LED screen was dazzling, and there was also a global efficient lighting forum hosted by the United Nations Environment Program. Global lighting experts gathered in Beijing to launch a discussion on how to use high-efficiency, green and intelligent lighting technology. . The United Nations Environment Program has conducted research on lighting markets in more than 150 countries around the world. The results of the study indicate that currently, lighting accounts for more than 15% of global electricity consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions account for 5% of the world; and advanced lighting technology represented by LEDs. The application can reduce the carbon dioxide emissions generated by more than half of the world's lighting electricity, equivalent to the entire Australian emissions. At the meeting, the president of the Global Lighting Association, Jandenneman, predicted that the transition from incandescent lamps to LED lighting heralded a revolution in lighting energy efficiency. But before the arrival of this lighting energy efficiency revolution, how far are we from efficient, green, and intelligent lighting? The topic of quality and insufficiency is based on the roadmap for the phase-out of incandescent lamps introduced by China. Since October 1 this year, the import and sale of ordinary lighting incandescent lamps of 60 watts or more have been banned. China is the world's largest producer, consumer and exporter of lighting products. In 2013, China's lighting output value was close to 80 billion US dollars. Under the stimulus of relevant policies, the scale of the domestic LED industry is growing rapidly. Ding Wenwu, director of the Department of Electronic Information of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, pointed out at the meeting that the output value of China's LED industry is growing at a rate of about 30. The luminous efficiency of major devices is close to the international mainstream level, and the industrial chain is basically complete. However, there is a gap between the overall LED technology and the international advanced level, and the quality and safety performance of the lamps are the main problems. Ding Wenwu pointed out. According to Hua Shuming, director of the Center for Quality Supervision and Inspection of National Electric Light Sources (Beijing) and Global Center for Efficient Lighting Technology, the government will officially issue a quality inspection of global energy-saving lamps in the next month. According to the inspection results, there are still many problems with the quality of energy-saving lamps. Screen flash, blue light hazard, color drift, etc. are all common quality problems of lighting products. These problems arise both for technical reasons and for production reasons. The quality of relatively mature technology energy-saving lamps still has so many problems, let alone LED lights. Hua Shuming was worried. But what is gratifying is that among the Chinese lighting products that were sampled this time, there are still some people who are very good in quality. Although Hua Shuming did not specify the brand of the lamp, he said that the lamp can be less than 0.3 mg only in terms of mercury content, far from the international standard. Therefore, Hua Shuming pointed out that in order to promote the further improvement of the quality of lighting products, it is necessary to have a blockage. Blocking requires the government to strictly supervise, inspect and inspect the quality of lighting products. It is to use government procurement methods to guide lighting products companies to continuously compete, improve quality and create brands. Recycling and utilization, to create efficient lighting closed loop international environmental consulting center director robertkoppejan has been recycling and utilization of waste lighting products in more than 30 countries and regions. In his view, high-efficiency, green lighting will eventually take a green road. How to recycle and utilize used lighting products is the final step in completing the closed loop of efficient lighting. According to Robert's experience, it is the first step to establish consumer awareness of the recycling and utilization of lighting products. The next step is to collect and recycle the waste products into glass, plastic, mercury, etc., and obtain reusable raw materials. Consumers can complete the recycling and utilization of lighting products. Governments and suppliers can also do this, but these things that seem to be actionable are actually subject to funding constraints. Robert pointed out that the establishment of an effective recycling mechanism requires professional institutions and a large amount of funds to support. Moreover, there are still many problems in terms of the recycling and utilization systems established in developed countries. For example, although the Swedish lighting product recycling system is worth learning, it is based on the high environmental awareness of consumers, and it is difficult for other countries to replicate its model; many countries still lack a unified recycling system, most typically the United Kingdom, its lighting product waste stream recycling system. As many as forty, for consumers, if you want to distinguish between different types of products for recycling, recycling will be very complicated and not operational. Robert stressed that LED lights also need to be recycled. In 10 years, LED lights will be popularized, and some pollutants will still be produced. However, due to its small size, consumers often do not have a sense of recycling and utilization. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct consumer education from the beginning, strengthen the establishment of a recycling and utilization financing system, and create a unified, simple and easy-to-use waste lighting recycling system. . Robert concluded. Smart lighting, can not be seen in the forum, China Semiconductor Lighting Technology Evaluation Alliance (teas) and the international wi-fi alliance signed a cooperation agreement. This is in the view of Chen Yansheng, secretary general of the China Lighting Association, which is an inevitable measure to develop lighting technology and interconnection technology to a certain extent. The combination of lighting technology and mobile internet is also one of the important trends in the development of smart lighting. Just in October of this year, Xiaomi Company launched a 4-piece smart home product. Among them, yeelight smart light bulb is cooperated with Xiaomi by Qingdao yeelink company, and realizes remote control based on wi-fi network. It has 16 million colors, which can change color and brightness according to scene. The application of smart lighting in the field of road traffic has also attracted the attention and optimism of the industry. It is also one of the initiatives that have achieved remarkable results in building smart cities in recent years. For example, the LED luminaire adopting the wireless intelligent control system can adjust the brightness of the night tunnel illumination to ensure the optimal illumination brightness in the tunnel, and effectively avoids the waste of electric energy caused by excessive illumination of the traditional fluorescent luminaire during the night operation of the tunnel. The advent of the era of big data has made intelligent lighting more and more interesting. Chen Yansheng pointed out that true intelligent lighting should not be restricted by mobile phone apps, manual operations, etc., but on the basis of collecting big data, fully realize intelligent lighting. Imagine a scene where the elderly need to get up in the middle of the night, because there is no light or dim light, which makes the movement inconvenient, and the real wisdom lighting can detect the physiological needs of the old man when he wakes up, thus adjusting the corresponding place. Lights. However, the reality in front of us is that high-end smart lighting products now have higher thresholds and lower costs, especially in the home smart lighting market, and there is still a lot of potential waiting to be tapped. Wisdom lighting is advancing, but the real market has not yet been formed. The reason is the development of technology and the limitation of economic level. There is still a long way to go to the popular wisdom lighting. Chen Yansheng said.
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Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen. It is one of the important standards to measure the water quality of swimming pools. In swimming pool water, sweat and urine discharge will increase the content of urea in the water, which affects the water quality. Through the test of urea test paper, the balance of urea value can be maintained, to avoid ammonia in urea and chlorine-containing disinfectant in water reaction, the formation of chloramines, so as to protect the health and safety of swimmers. The urea content in pool water should be less than or equal to 3.5 mg/l (national standard).
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