The legalization of the automobile industry must abolish the automobile industry policy?
In the reform and transformation of the automobile industry, where will the force, and how to exert force? This is not only a big proposition related to industrial development, but also closely related to each participant in the automobile society. From the beginning of this issue, the "Car Viewpoint" will focus on three hot issues in the automotive industry reform in three phases. This issue will discuss the legalization of automobile and the abandonment of industrial policies.
Legalization is the hot vocabulary on the Tianjin TEDA forum that ended recently. In the context of simple administration and decentralization, legalization will undoubtedly be a new main line that will affect the development of the automobile industry in the future. From this point of view, the recent industry hot spots such as anti-monopoly and anti-corruption can also have a more systematic understanding. However, with legal thinking, one question also surfaced: Has the industrial policy that has been implemented for 20 years been cancelled?
The drawbacks of industrial policy are that new issues are also old contradictions
From the “Auto Industry Industrial Policy†in 1994 to the “Auto Industry Development Policy†in 2004, in 20 years, the two industrial policies witnessed the process from the start to the rapid development of the automotive industry, and also brought in the production, including access, joint ventures. There are many disputes including stocks ratio, merger and reorganization, market exchange technology, brand management methods and new energy technology. In a sense, all the current debates on the development of the automotive industry are directly related to industrial policy.
It should be acknowledged that the splendid achievements of the current global market sales of 22 million vehicles in the automotive industry and the important status of the country's pillar industries are inseparable from industrial policies. Chen Bin, former director of the Industrial Coordination Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, witnessed the introduction of two industrial policies. According to his recall, there were dozens of policies on automobile management between different departments of the country. Under such circumstances, the introduction of industrial policies was effective. Standardizes government management and avoids cross-cutting policies among various departments. In addition, the Chinese government has maintained a red line with a Chinese stock ratio of not less than 50% in opening up, and has also set aside positions and stages for the development of the Chinese auto industry.
It is undeniable that with the development of the automobile industry, the inadequacies of industrial policies have gradually emerged. In the author's opinion, this deficiency can actually be attributed to two factors. On the one hand, current industrial policies have not adapted to the development of the automobile industry, especially the new changes and new problems in the rapid development of the automotive industry in the past decade. After the introduction of the automobile industry policy in 2004, the automobile industry has reached a new level for almost a year. Domestic automobile production and sales volume jumped from 5 million in 2004 to 22 million in 2013. Under this background, both the market environment, the level of technology, and the consumption guidance, and the planning of related supporting facilities, etc., the automobile industry policies promulgated in 2004 are incompetent. Although the automobile industry policy was revised in 2009, only some of the clauses in the import management chapter were repealed and not fully adjusted in accordance with changes in the automobile industry.
On the other hand, there is always an inherent contradiction between the traces of planned economy that are part of the industrial policy and the market-oriented auto industry, especially as the domestic auto industry becomes further market-oriented after joining the WTO. It also makes this contradiction more prominent, and this undoubtedly also restricts the development of the automotive industry. The director of the Industry Coordination Department of the National Development and Reform Commission summarized the shortcomings of the macro management of the automobile industry as "Many management stages, multiple levels, heavy pre-approval, and minor post-regulation supervision."
The top-level design of automobile legalization and industrial policy does not conflict
With the party's 18th session, the legal system of the 18th National People's Congress put forward a comprehensive deployment of the country’s comprehensive deepening reforms, and the legalization of the automobile industry has gradually surfaced. In fact, whether it is the vigorous anti-monopoly of the auto industry or the anti-corruption storms surrounding FAW-Volkswagen recently, it is a real action of the auto industry in promoting legalization.
Similarly, legalization also provides a new idea for the management of the automobile industry. Yan Yong told the TEDA Forum: “We must change the macro management model of the past and let management gradually move on the path of legalization. We are studying to make the law cover the entire life cycle of the automotive industry. The law will be a mandatory and long-term process. Effective mechanism to regulate the entire automotive industry, covering the entire process of product production and the entire life cycle."
In some people's view, legalized management and administrative management are incompatible with each other. Therefore, the above statements made by the heads of government departments are also considered as strong evidence that industrial policies will soon be cancelled. However, in my opinion, this interpretation is a bit lopsided.
First, the industrial status of the automotive industry determines that top-level design and policy guidance are necessary. Legal management and administration are indeed a contradiction, but industrial policy is not just an administrative measure. It is a guide to the development direction of the auto industry. Although market-oriented development can give full play to the strength of the invisible hand, the automobile industry, as one of the important pillars of the national economy, one of the symbols of technological level and global competitiveness, and closely related to the national strategic security and national life, obviously cannot do without it. "Top-level design". The automobile industry policy is precisely the most important “top-level design†in the development of the automobile industry. Actually, according to Fu Yuwu (click to view the latest figures) of the China Association of Automobile Engineering, even though the automobile industry powers like the United States, Japan, and Germany are not the same, the government is not completely without guidance. It is just that they are not called industries. policy. In addition, in the promotion of new energy vehicles, governments of all countries have introduced relevant subsidy policies. The application of this non-marketing means also illustrates the necessity of the “top-level design†of the automobile industry.
Second, the process of legalization requires a long-term process. Therefore, the loosening of industrial policies cannot be achieved overnight. Even if the "top-level design" part of the industrial policy is set aside, merely discussing the administrative provisions for the auto industry will be abolished before the related laws and regulations are not perfected, which will also have a counter effect on the development of the auto industry. Taking the “Automobile Brand Sales Management Measures†(hereinafter referred to as “Measuresâ€), which are widely criticized by the industry, as an example, in the view of Yan Jinghui, deputy general manager of the Beijing Asian Games Village Auto Trading Market, under the current circumstances, the “Act†will be cancelled. Come to market confusion and consumer rights damage.
Finally, in some respects, industrial policy is not too much, but it is still not enough. When talking about the problems of existing industrial policies, many government officials and industry analysts have explicitly mentioned that "the support for independent brands is not enough" and the solution is not to cancel industrial policies, but to target existing policies. Sexual amendments. In the context of the market share of self-owned branded passenger vehicles that has dropped 12 months from the same period of last year, the cancellation of industrial policies may become the last straw to pressure their own brands. Zheng Xinli, executive vice chairman of China International Economic Exchange Center, believes that automobile industry policies need to be revised as necessary, and encouragement for independent brands, new energy and exports should be increased. Zhao Changwen, head of the Industrial Economic Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center, said that a basic way of reform is to adopt necessary policy guidance, policy support, and policies to encourage the development of the industry. Therefore, industrial policies will continue to exist for some time. Of course, what kind of policies can better realize the encouragement of independent brands still needs the full demonstration of relevant departments.
Conclusion
The guiding role of industrial policy is not in contradiction with the general direction of legal reform. Therefore, the clarion call of the legalization of the automobile industry cannot simply be regarded as the signal to end industrial policy. On the contrary, ignoring the strategic particularity of the auto industry and the market-oriented vision described by the development status of independent brands can only be castles in the air.
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