Intelligent decentralized processing technology is no longer difficult to create rural sewage treatment

【Abstract】The key technology of “Intelligent Distributed Domestic Wastewater Treatment Device” is to combine aerobic biological treatment with anaerobic biological treatment, biotechnology and micro-electrolysis technology, sludge treatment and water purification into an integrated treatment device. With the characteristics of short process flow, low energy consumption, and intelligent features, it provides ideas and directions for the integrated management of pollution sources.

The compact and reasonable processing device is a bright spot of the technology. The intelligent operation mode is the basis of the technology. The four-in-one treatment process is the guarantee of the technical processing effect, and the small and medium-sized towns with relatively tense land and difficulties in wastewater collection. Sewage treatment has more practical significance and promotion value.

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Livelihood of the rural sewage in a certain place

The ancients described the rural area as "the rice harvest is said to be a good harvest and a frog is heard." But now, when you come to the countryside, you will find that many villages have already presented "due to the disorderly discharge of large quantities of domestic sewage, and the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and farmers." Floral and rancidity, garbage, and sewage flow."

It is estimated that the economic losses caused by rural environmental problems have exceeded 100 billion yuan each year. How to solve the problem of rural pollution, especially the problem of domestic sewage?

Recently, at the “Intelligent Distributed Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant” technical appraisal meeting hosted by the Changzhou Environmental Protection Bureau, Cai Daoji, head of the Technical Expert Group and Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, believed that “Smart Dispersed Domestic Sewage Treatment Plants”, from materials science Cut in, the use of polymer material synthesis technology to modify the biological carrier to obtain a huge surface area, equipment, small size, short processing time, high processing capacity, low cost, in the field of environmental management is a new direction of development.

Remediation

---- technical background----

The rural can't copy the urban centralized treatment model

The results of the first national survey of pollution sources show that the problem of agricultural pollution has become increasingly prominent. In particular, the discharge of pollutants from agricultural sources has a greater impact on the water environment, with chemical oxygen demand emissions accounting for 43.7% of total emissions, total nitrogen and total phosphorus accounting for 57.2% and 67.4% of total emissions, respectively. In other words, the agricultural source basically accounts for more than 50% of the national pollution.

On the one hand, the situation of rural pollution is becoming increasingly severe. On the other hand, the construction of rural pollution treatment facilities has lags behind. According to calculations, the country's rural areas produce more than 8 billion tons of domestic sewage every year. “The domestic sewage basically depends on evaporation, and domestic garbage basically depends on weathering.” An official of the Ministry of Environmental Protection described the rural environment in China as such.

During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the ammonia nitrogen index will be included in the scope of national compulsory reduction, rural domestic sewage as one of the major sources of ammonia in the environment, how to solve it, can we copy the large-scale centralized treatment mode of urban life?

There is a huge difference between rural and urban conditions in China. Its characteristics are that the population is widely distributed and scattered, and the discharged domestic sewage is scattered, heavy, and low in concentration, with high contents of organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus; at present, most of the rural areas in China do not have any sewage collection facilities; With low capacity and low level of knowledge management, large-scale urban pipeline network construction and centralized processing are not suitable for rural areas.

———— Technical Principles——————

High energy particle direct oxidation

“Intelligent decentralized domestic sewage treatment device, based on the actual conditions of rural grassroots research and development of the technical device, it has intelligent management, low operating costs, maintenance-free features.” The overall design of the technology research and development, Changzhou University, visiting professor Zhang Yi Say.

In the pre-oxidation system of the “Intelligent Distributed Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant”, a high-energy particle direct oxidation reactor is installed in the reactor, and a high-energy particle beam is used to bombard the aqueous solution to ionize the water molecules and generate a new ecological potential of hydroxyl radicals. Oxygen radicals, superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and chloride ions in water produce hypochlorous acid under ionization. These substances with strong ability to oxidize have strong selective oxidation and strong reactions to pollutants in water. Oxidation-reduction reaction makes long-chain molecular structure materials such as fat proteins broken, and provides good conditions for biodegradation.

Forming a "biological battery"

The high-efficiency biofilm reactor is the core part of the device. The specific surface area of ​​the biological carrier loaded in the reactor is several times or even higher than the specific surface area of ​​the conventional biological contact oxidation carrier, and the number of microorganisms “planted” on a large specific surface area. Correspondingly, the increase in the contact area between the biomass and the water body not only improves the biodegradability, but also shortens the treatment time and also greatly increases the treatment effect.

The iron-chelating carrier also chelates iron ions, forming a "biological primary battery." That is, microorganisms produce hydrogen and formic acid under anaerobic conditions, provide fuel to the primary cells, form the principle of iron internal electrolysis, conduct micro-electrolytic oxidation of pollutants, and achieve secondary biological oxidation degradation, water purification, and sludge treatment purposes.

Bacteria and sediment treatment

Deep sterilizing system can use high-energy particle direct oxidation reactor to oxidize and break molecular chains of viruses, bacteria, and pathogens in water and decompose them to eliminate infectious viruses and spread the pathogens along with the flow of water.

The phosphorus-accumulating bacteria grown in the biofilm reactor have higher agglomeration of phosphorus in the water, so that the phosphorus particles can be agglomerated and deposited with the exfoliated aged microorganisms in the sludge collecting funnel of the reactor. Phosphorus is complexed with calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum and other substances in the water to produce phosphates that are deposited and separated from water by hydroxylation, and finally can be used as phosphate fertilizers for plant fertilization.

After the rectification

———— Technological breakthroughs————

Break the conventional technology route

Zhang Yi said that "intelligent decentralized domestic sewage treatment equipment" cut from materials science, with a larger surface area of ​​the mesoporous fiber carrier, surface polymerization of titanium dioxide nano-layer and iron-doped rare earth alloy material, to obtain a huge specific surface area for the microorganism The implantation of the bed provides enough space to shorten the water residence time, so that the system equipment becomes smaller in size and the processing capacity is doubled. The grafting of the in-situ battery enables the long-chain molecules in the water to be broken, providing conditions for biological treatment and ensuring the stability of the effluent quality.

Member of the Expert Team, East Sea Branch of the State Oceanic Administration

Prof. Yan Yanqing, a member of the Scientific and Technical Committee, believes that the equipment involves environmental governance through materials science and breaks the conventional technology route with new concepts of different lines of sight, opening up new research directions and demonstration roles for water environmental governance.

Professor Chen Yingxu, a member of the expert group and vice president of the Environmental Science Academy of Zhejiang University, also believes that bio-primary cells and biological contact oxidation are innovative features of the device. This technology, combined with ecological island or plant root processing technologies, will improve the water quality of the Taihu Lake Basin. To active role, with extremely high promotion value and social benefits.

Automatic intelligent management

The equipment runs a fully automated intelligent management. That is, the rotational speed of the cage in the membrane bioreactor is transferred from the online dissolved oxygen meter dissolved oxygen reading to the automation controller to control the speed of the adjustable speed motor. When the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water within the membrane biological reaction is lower than the set value, the procedure The speed of the speed-regulating motor will be automatically adjusted until the dissolved oxygen concentration reaches the design requirement value. In addition, the adjusting tank lift pump and the collecting mud bucket at the bottom of the biomembrane reactor are also intelligently controlled by the liquid level gauge and pressure sensor. After normal operation, no special person is required to perform the monitoring and operation, and it is only necessary to regularly check whether the operation is normal or not.

Professor Jia Peifa, deputy director of the School of Information at Tsinghua University and deputy director of the State 863 Advanced Manufacturing and Automation Control Expert Committee pointed out during the review that the improvement of on-line monitoring automation control highlights the high-end and practicality of the technology and will guide the environmental protection industry to standardization. And standardization development.

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1 ton of water directly processing fee is less than 0.2 yuan

According to the data tracking of the completed demonstration project, the energy consumption of this equipment is the direct consumption of electrical energy during operation, and there is no chemical consumption. The direct electricity fee for processing tons of water is less than 0.2 yuan.

Li Jinyu, deputy director of the Changzhou Environmental Protection Bureau, said that environmental monitoring data are the best means for verifying the long-term stable operation of system equipment. The equipment has been distributed in rural villages, science and technology parks, and commercial residential communities in the established demonstration project. More than one year of operational data confirms the reliability and authenticity of its technical performance.

According to the monitoring data from the Changzhou Environmental Protection Bureau, the effluent quality of the equipment is up to Level 1B in the municipal wastewater treatment discharge standard, which fully meets the requirements for rural wastewater treatment in China.

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