SAE 1045 Steel Chemical Composition

sae 1045 steel chemical composition

Understanding the chemical composition of SAE 1045 steel is essential because it directly influences its mechanical properties. The table below provides a detailed overview of the chemical makeup of this popular carbon steel grade.

Table of contents

  • SAE 1045 Steel Chemical Composition
  • ASTM 1045 Weldability
  • Mechanical Property of AISI 1045 Steel Cold Drawn
  • Heat Treatment of DIN 1.1191
  • 1045 Steel vs 4140 Steel
  • 1045 Quenched and Tempered Steel properties
  • AISI 1045 Equivalent Grades
  • Thermal Properties of SAE 1045
  • Tolerance of AISI 1045 Carbon Steel
  • Ck45 Steel Annealing
  • Quality Certification of Steel 1045
  • AISI 1045 Corrosion Resistance
  • Electrical Properties of JIS S45C Steel
  • Applications of SAE 1045 Steel

SAE 1045 Steel Chemical Composition

Grade C Si Mn P S
1045 0.43-0.50 0.15-0.35 0.60-0.90 ≤0.04 ≤0.05

AISI 1045 Offers Good Weldability, Machinability, and High Strength

AISI 1045 steel is known for its excellent weldability, which makes it ideal for creating strong, durable joints that can withstand structural stress. This property is especially important in applications where safety and performance are critical.

Its machinability is another key advantage, allowing for efficient cutting and shaping with minimal tool wear. This leads to better surface finishes, tighter tolerances, and faster production times, ultimately reducing manufacturing costs.

Additionally, the high strength of AISI 1045 makes it suitable for use in heavy-duty structures and components that must endure high loads and harsh environmental conditions.

AWS 1045 Weldability

sae 1045 steel weldability

Aspect Details
Welding Conditions AISI 1045 is readily welded with the correct procedure
Electrodes Use low hydrogen electrodes.
Pre-heating Pre-heat workpiece to 200°C – 300°C (392°F – 572°F).
Welding Temperature Maintain pre-heat temperature during welding.
Cooling Cool slowly using sand or ashes to control the cooling rate.
Stress Relief Perform stress relief at 550°C – 660°C (1022°F – 1220°F).

Mechanical Properties of AISI 1045 Cold Drawn Steel

Mechanical Properties Hardness, (Brinell hardness) Hardness, Brinell Hardness, Rockwell B (Brinell hardness) Hardness, Vickers ( Brinell hardness) Tensile Strength, Yield Tensile Strength, Ultimate Elongation at Break (in 50 mm) Reduction of Area Poissons Ratio (Typical For Steel) Modulus of Elasticity (Typical for steel) Bulk Modulus (Typical for steel) Shear Modulus (Typical for steel)
Metric 184 163 84 170 310 MPa 565 MPa 16.00% 40.00% 0.29 200 GPa 140 GPa 80 GPa
Imperial 184 163 84 170 45000 psi 81900 psi 16.00% 40.00% 0.29 29000 ksi 20300 ksi 11600 ksi

DIN 1.1191 Material Are Generally Available in Black Hot Rolled or Normalized Conditions

The normalized condition improves the material’s structure and properties by enhancing mechanical performance, reducing internal stresses, improving machinability, and refining grain structure. This makes it more suitable for various engineering applications.

Heat Treatment of DIN 1.1191

Process Heating Temperature Cooling Method
Forging 850°C – 1250°C (1562°F – 2282°F) Cool in a furnace
Annealing 800°C – 850°C (1472°F – 1562°F) Cool in a furnace
Normalizing 870°C – 920°C (1598°F – 1688°F) Cool in still air
Stress-Relieving 550°C – 660°C (1022°F – 1220°F) Cool in still air
Hardening 820°C – 850°C (1508°F – 1562°F) Quench in water or brine
Tempering 400°C – 650°C (752°F – 1202°F) Cool in still air

1045 Steel vs 4140 Steel

1045 Steel vs 4140 Steel

Property 1045 Steel 4140 Steel
Type Carbon steel Alloy steel
Carbon Content 0.43-0.50% 0.40%
Manganese Content 0.60-0.90% 0.75-1.00%
Chromium None Present
Molybdenum None Present
Iron (Fe) 98.51-98.98% 96.79-97.78%
Phosphorus (P, max) 0.04% 0.035%
Sulfur (S, max) 0.05% 0.040%
Strength Good strength and impact resistance Superior hardness and toughness
Common Uses Machinery parts, automotive components Axles, gears, shafts
Characteristics Moderate hardness and strength Enhanced wear resistance and toughness

1045 Quenched and Tempered Steel Properties

Section size mm up to 16mm 17-44 mm 41-100 mm
Tensile strength Mpa 700-850 |650-800 630-780
Yield strength Mpa 500 430 370
Impact Charpy 30 30 30
Elongationin 50mm % 14 16 7
Hardness HB 210-245 195-235 |185-230

Equivalent Grades of AISI 1045 Steel

Understanding equivalent grades of AISI 1045 is helpful when working with international standards. Below is a list of equivalent grades from different countries:

AISI 1045 Equivalent Grades

Country USA British Japan Australia
Standard ASTM A29 EN 10083-2 JIS G051 AS 1442
Grades 1045 C45/1.1191 S45C 1045

Thermal Properties of SAE 1045

Properties Metric Imperial
Thermal conductivity 51.9 W/mK 360 BTU in/hr.ft2.°F
Thermal expansion co-efficient (@0.000-100°C/32-212°F) 11.2 µm/m°C 6.22 µm/m°C

Tolerance of AISI 1045 Carbon Steel

Surface Finish Black-Forged Turned Black-Rolled Peeled Grinding Polished Cold Drawn
Tolerance (0，+5mm) (0，+3mm) (0，+1mm) Best H11 Best h9 Best h11 Best H11

Annealing of Ck45 Steel

Annealing Ck45 steel at around 820–840°C helps to reduce hardness and improve machinability. After annealing, the material is cooled gradually to achieve the desired mechanical properties for specific applications.

Ck45 Steel Annealing

Aspect Details
Purpose of Annealing Softens surface hardness for improved machinability
Annealing Temperature 820°C to 840°C
Holding Time Sufficient time at annealing temperature
Measured Surface Hardness Typically below 200 HBW (Brinell Hardness)

Quality Certification of AISI 1045 Steel

  • Chemical analysis
  • Ultrasonic test report
  • Non Metallic Inclusion
  • Heat Treatment Process
  • Mechanical properties
  • Surface hardness
  • Grain size
  • Forging ratio

AISI 1045 Has Low Corrosion Resistance

Due to its low chromium content, AISI 1045 steel is not highly resistant to corrosion, especially in acidic or saline environments. It may require protective coatings or treatments to prevent rust and degradation over time.

AISI 1045 Corrosion Resistance

AISI 1045 Corrosion Resistance

Feature 1045 Steel
Primary Composition 0.45% Carbon, Iron
Corrosion Resistance Low
Protective Layer Does not form a protective chromium oxide layer
Exposure to Harsh Environments Prone to rust and corrosion in salt water, acids, and bases
Maintenance Requirements Requires coating or treatment for better resistance
Typical Applications Structural components, machinery, automotive parts

Electrical Properties of JIS S45C Steel

Electrical Properties Metric English Comments
Electrical Resistivity 0.0000162 ohm-cm
Temperature 0.000 °C		 0.0000162 ohm-cm
Temperature 32.0 °F		 annealed specimen
0.0000223 ohm-cm
Temperature 100 °C		 0.0000223 ohm-cm
Temperature 212 °F		 annealed specimen

Applications of SAE 1045 Steel

Pins Gears Rams
Ratchets Bolts Light gears
Rolls Shafts Sockets
Spindles Axles Worms
Crankshafts Studs Guide rods
Torsion bars Connecting rods Hydraulic clamps

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