SAE 1045 Steel Chemical Composition
Understanding the chemical composition of SAE 1045 steel is crucial, as it directly influences its mechanical properties. The table below provides a clear overview of its composition.
Table of contents
- SAE 1045 Steel Chemical Composition
- ASTM 1045 Weldability
- Mechanical Property of AISI 1045 Steel Cold Drawn
- Heat Treatment of DIN 1.1191
- 1045 Steel vs 4140 Steel
- 1045 Quenched and Tempered Steel properties
- AISI 1045 Equivalent Grades
- Thermal Properties of SAE 1045
- Tolerance of AISI 1045 Carbon Steel
- Ck45 Steel Annealing
- Quality Certification of Steel 1045
- AISI 1045 Corrosion Resistance
- Electrical Properties of JIS S45C Steel
- Applications of SAE 1045 Steel
SAE 1045 Steel Chemical Composition
| Grade | C | Si | Mn | P | S |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1045 | 0.43-0.50 | 0.15-0.35 | 0.60-0.90 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.05 |
AISI 1045 Offers Good Weldability, Machinability and High Strength
AISI 1045 steel is known for its excellent weldability, which allows for strong, durable, and safe joints that resist cracking. This makes it ideal for structural applications where strength is essential.
Its good machinability ensures efficient cutting with minimal tool wear, resulting in improved surface finish and tighter tolerances, ultimately reducing manufacturing costs.
Additionally, the high strength of AISI 1045 makes it suitable for construction and heavy-duty applications where it can withstand high loads and harsh environmental conditions.
AWS 1045 Weldability
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Welding Conditions | AISI 1045 is readily welded with the correct procedure |
| Electrodes | Use low hydrogen electrodes. |
| Pre-heating | Pre-heat workpiece to 200°C – 300°C (392°F – 572°F). |
| Welding Temperature | Maintain pre-heat temperature during welding. |
| Cooling | Cool slowly using sand or ashes to control the cooling rate. |
| Stress Relief | Perform stress relief at 550°C – 660°C (1022°F – 1220°F). |
Mechanical Property of AISI 1045 Steel Cold Drawn
| Mechanical Properties | Hardness, (Brinell hardness) | Hardness, Brinell | Hardness, Rockwell B (Brinell hardness) | Hardness, Vickers ( Brinell hardness) | Tensile Strength, Yield | Tensile Strength, Ultimate | Elongation at Break (in 50 mm) | Reduction of Area | Poissons Ratio (Typical For Steel) | Modulus of Elasticity (Typical for steel) | Bulk Modulus (Typical for steel) | Shear Modulus (Typical for steel) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metric | 184 | 163 | 84 | 170 | 310 MPa | 565 MPa | 16.00% | 40.00% | 0.29 | 200 GPa | 140 GPa | 80 GPa |
| Imperial | 184 | 163 | 84 | 170 | 45000 psi | 81900 psi | 16.00% | 40.00% | 0.29 | 29000 ksi | 20300 ksi | 11600 ksi |
DIN 1.1191 Material Are Generally Available in Black Hot Rolled or Normalized Conditions
Normalizing helps improve the mechanical properties, reduce internal stress, enhance machinability, and refine the grain structure of the material.
Heat Treatment of DIN 1.1191
| Process | Heating Temperature | Cooling Method |
|---|---|---|
| Forging | 850°C – 1250°C (1562°F – 2282°F) | Cool in a furnace |
| Annealing | 800°C – 850°C (1472°F – 1562°F) | Cool in a furnace |
| Normalizing | 870°C – 920°C (1598°F – 1688°F) | Cool in still air |
| Stress-Relieving | 550°C – 660°C (1022°F – 1220°F) | Cool in still air |
| Hardening | 820°C – 850°C (1508°F – 1562°F) | Quench in water or brine |
| Tempering | 400°C – 650°C (752°F – 1202°F) | Cool in still air |
1045 Steel vs 4140 Steel
| Property | 1045 Steel | 4140 Steel |
|---|---|---|
| Type | Carbon steel | Alloy steel |
| Carbon Content | 0.43-0.50% | 0.40% |
| Manganese Content | 0.60-0.90% | 0.75-1.00% |
| Chromium | None | Present |
| Molybdenum | None | Present |
| Iron (Fe) | 98.51-98.98% | 96.79-97.78% |
| Phosphorus (P, max) | 0.04% | 0.035% |
| Sulfur (S, max) | 0.05% | 0.040% |
| Strength | Good strength and impact resistance | Superior hardness and toughness |
| Common Uses | Machinery parts, automotive components | Axles, gears, shafts |
| Characteristics | Moderate hardness and strength | Enhanced wear resistance and toughness |
1045 Quenched and Tempered Steel Properties
| Section size mm | up to 16mm | 17-44 mm | 41-100 mm |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength Mpa | 700-850 | |650-800 | 630-780 |
| Yield strength Mpa | 500 | 430 | 370 |
| Impact Charpy | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Elongationin 50mm % | 14 | 16 | 7 |
| Hardness HB | 210-245 | 195-235 | |185-230 |
View the Equivalent Grades of Steel 1045
The following equivalent grades of AISI 1045 help in identifying similar materials across different standards worldwide.
AISI 1045 Equivalent Grades
| Country | USA | British | Japan | Australia |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard | ASTM A29 | EN 10083-2 | JIS G051 | AS 1442 |
| Grades | 1045 | C45/1.1191 | S45C | 1045 |
Thermal Properties of SAE 1045
| Properties | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Thermal conductivity | 51.9 W/mK | 360 BTU in/hr.ft2.°F |
| Thermal expansion co-efficient (@0.000-100°C/32-212°F) | 11.2 µm/m°C | 6.22 µm/m°C |
Tolerance of AISI 1045 Carbon Steel
| Surface Finish | Black-Forged | Turned | Black-Rolled | Peeled | Grinding | Polished | Cold Drawn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tolerance | (0，+5mm) | (0，+3mm) | (0，+1mm) | Best H11 | Best h9 | Best h11 | Best H11 |
Annealing Temperature for JIS S45C Grade is From 790-870 °C
Annealing at this temperature softens the material, improves machinability, and enhances malleability. After annealing, gradual cooling in a boiler helps achieve the desired mechanical properties for specific applications.
Ck45 Steel Annealing
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Purpose of Annealing | Softens surface hardness for improved machinability |
| Annealing Temperature | 820°C to 840°C |
| Holding Time | Sufficient time at annealing temperature |
| Measured Surface Hardness | Typically below 200 HBW (Brinell Hardness) |
Quality Certification of Steel 1045
- Chemical analysis
- Ultrasonic test report
- Non Metallic Inclusion
- Heat Treatment Process
- Mechanical properties
- Surface hardness
- Grain size
- Forging ratio
1045 Carbon Steel is Not Very Resistant to Corrosion in Harsh Environments
It is prone to corrosion when exposed to moisture, saltwater, acids, or bases. To prevent degradation, additional protective coatings or treatments are often required for long-term performance in such environments.
AISI 1045 Corrosion Resistance
| Feature | 1045 Steel |
|---|---|
| Primary Composition | 0.45% Carbon, Iron |
| Corrosion Resistance | Low |
| Protective Layer | Does not form a protective chromium oxide layer |
| Exposure to Harsh Environments | Prone to rust and corrosion in salt water, acids, and bases |
| Maintenance Requirements | Requires coating or treatment for better resistance |
| Typical Applications | Structural components, machinery, automotive parts |
Electrical Properties of JIS S45C Steel
| Electrical Properties | Metric | English | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.0000162 ohm-cm Temperature 0.000 °C |
0.0000162 ohm-cm Temperature 32.0 °F |
annealed specimen |
| 0.0000223 ohm-cm Temperature 100 °C |
0.0000223 ohm-cm Temperature 212 °F |
annealed specimen |
Applications of SAE 1045 Steel
| Pins | Gears | Rams |
| Ratchets | Bolts | Light gears |
| Rolls | Shafts | Sockets |
| Spindles | Axles | Worms |
| Crankshafts | Studs | Guide rods |
| Torsion bars | Connecting rods | Hydraulic clamps |
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