Xanthate readily generated with various alkylating agent effect thioester, xanthate mainly molecule is a hydrocarbyl substituted alkali metal generating xanthate esters of the general formula ROCSSR', which can be seen as xanthate Derivatives. These collectors are non-ionic polar collectors, which have low solubility in water and are mostly oily. For the flotation of copper , zinc , aluminum and other sulfide ore and precipitated copper, isolated copper, etc., it has high flotation activity and is a highly selective collector. Some sulfide ore can be floated even at lower pH conditions. The xanthate ester compound is mixed with a water-soluble collector to improve the efficacy, reduce the dosage, and improve the selectivity. Commonly used xanthate esters are: ethyl yellow eye ester [cyanoacetate chloroacetate C 2 H 5 OCSSCH=CHCN], butyl yellow nitrile ester [C 4 H 9 OCSSC 2 H 4 CN], etc., the preparation reaction is:
ROCSSNa å CH 2 =CHCN+H 2 O →ROCSSC 2 H 4 NaOH
As copper, lead, zinc and molybdenum sulfide mineral collector, collecting capability of pyrite weak, and xanthate mix better. Butyl ester (acrylic acid butyl acrylate C 4 H 9 OCSSCH 2 CH=CH 2 ), which is synthesized from diphtheria and chloropropene at room temperature. In addition, there is still thyme ester (C 2 H 5 OCSSCH=CH 2 ), and its properties are similar to those of the former.
Xanthate is made from alcohol, sodium hydroxide (or potassium hydroxide) and carbon disulfide:
ROH+NaOH=RONa+H 2 O
RONa+CS 2 =ROCSSNa
Different kinds of hydrocarbon groups in the raw material alcohol used can obtain various xanthate, such as C 2 H 5 -ethyl xanthate, (CH 3 ) 2 CH-isopropyl yellow drug, C 4 H 9 -butyl xanthate. Xanthate has two kinds of potassium salt and sodium salt. In addition, there are pentoxanthin C 5 H 11 OCSSNa; isobutyl xanthate (CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 2 OCSSNa; zhongxin xanthate CH 3 (CH 2 ) 5 CH(CH 3 )OCSSNa; xanthate (C 3 ～C 6 alkylxanthate) and the like.
Xanthate is a pale yellow powder at room temperature, and it is also made into granules. It is often dark in color due to impurities. Its density is 1.3-1.7g/mL. It has irritating odor, is toxic, soluble in water, and hydrolyzed. Leaving ROCSS - anion, has a trapping effect. The properties of xanthate are unstable, easy to absorb water and deliquesce, and accelerate the decomposition when exposed to heat. Soluble in water, acetone and alcohol. When used, it is often formulated as a 1% aqueous solution.
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