In the late 1940s, the United States began to study CNC machine tools. In 1952, the MIT servo laboratory successfully developed the first CNC milling machine, which was put into use in 1957. This is a major breakthrough in the development of manufacturing technology and marks the beginning of the era of CNC machining in manufacturing. CNC machining is the foundation of modern manufacturing technology. This invention has epoch-making significance and far-reaching influence for the manufacturing industry. The world's major industrialized countries all attach great importance to the research and development of CNC machining technology. China began to develop CNC machine tools in 1958 and successfully produced CNC machine tools equipped with sub-pipe numerical control systems. In 1965, it began mass production of three-axis CNC milling machines equipped with transistor numerical control systems. After decades of development, the current CNC machine tools have achieved computer control and have been widely used in the industry. The application in the mold manufacturing industry is particularly popular.
A variety of CNC machining tools have been developed for the needs of metal cutting machining processes such as turning, milling, grinding, drilling and planing, and special machining processes such as electric machining and laser machining. There are many kinds of CNC machine tools, and generally the CNC machine tools are divided into 16 categories:
1 CNC Lathe (Turning Center with Milling Function)
2 CNC milling machine (including milling center)
3 CNC boring machine
4 milling machining-based processing center.
5 CNC Grinding Machine (including grinding center)
6 CNC drilling machine (including drilling center)
7 CNC Broaching Machine
8 CNC planer
9 CNC cutting machine tools
10 CNC gear processing machine tools
11 CNC laser processing machine tools
12 CNC WEDM
13 CNC EDM Machine (Electric Processing Center)
14 CNC plate village molding machine tool
15 CNC Tube Forming Machine
16 other CNC machine tools
Die manufacturing commonly used CNC machining machines are: CNC milling machines, CNC EDM machine tools, CNC WEDM machines, CNC grinding machines and CNC lathes.
CNC machine tools usually consist of control systems, servo systems, inspection systems, mechanical transmission systems, and other auxiliary systems.
The control system is used for the calculation, management and control of numerical control machine tools. It obtains data through the input medium, interprets and calculates these data, and functions on the machine tool; the servo system drives the machine tool according to the instructions of the control system to make the tool and parts execute the numerical control code. The motion detection system is used to detect the displacement and velocity variation of the machine tool's actuators (tables, turntables, slides, etc.), and feed back the test results to the input, compare them with the input commands, and adjust the machine motion according to the difference. The machine tool transmission system is a mechanical feed transmission device between the feed servo drive components to the machine tool execution; a wide range of auxiliary systems, such as: a fixed cycle (can perform a variety of repeated processing), automatic tool change (exchangeable Specified tool), transmission clearance compensation for backlash caused by mechanical transmission system, etc.
In CNC machining, CNC milling is the most complex and the most problematic problems need to be solved. In addition to CNC milling, NC programming such as CNC wire cutting, CNC EDM, CNC turning, CNC grinding, etc. has its own characteristics. This book will focus on the NC milling process that is instructive for CNC machining programs. Programming.
The role of the servo system is to convert the pulse signal from the numerical control device into the movement of the moving parts of the machine tool.
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