In recent years, with the gradual establishment and deepening of low-carbon life, with the gradual establishment and implementation of national energy conservation and emission reduction, green environmental protection policies and regulations, along with the acceleration of the pace of building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, the automobile energy-saving Has become a key research topic in the development of the automotive industry. Research shows that reducing the weight of a car is one of the effective measures to increase the fuel economy of the car and reduce the CO2 emissions from the car. Especially for the heavy-duty truck industry, because the application of new energy vehicle technologies such as hybrid, electric and fuel cells is difficult and the prospects are uncertain, lighter weight has become the most realistic and most effective technical measure for energy-saving and emission reduction in the heavy-duty truck industry. According to the report of the World Aluminum Association, every 10% reduction in the weight of a typical car can reduce fuel consumption by 6%. The increase in fuel economy means a corresponding reduction in greenhouse gas CO2 emissions.
The lightweighting of trucks is a systematic project that involves the entire vehicle, engine, suspension and other fields, and even includes the application of new materials and new technologies. The automobile body accounts for about 30% of the total weight of the car. Under no-load conditions, about 70% of the fuel consumption is spent on the body weight. For every 100 kilograms of vehicle weight, 0.6 liters per 100 kilometers can be saved. If the vehicle weight is reduced by 10%, the fuel efficiency can be increased by 6%-8%; if the rolling resistance is reduced by 10%, the fuel efficiency can be increased by 3%; if the transmission efficiency of the axle, transmission and other devices is increased by 10%, the fuel efficiency can be improved. Increase by 7%. Therefore, lightweight vehicles are of great benefit to the vehicle's fuel economy, vehicle control stability, and collision safety. In particular, under the toll-by-weight basis, how much net income each year users will increase can be calculated for each ton of vehicle weight reduction.
In Europe and other developed countries, reasonable freight rates and high value-added goods are lighter in order to pursue higher transportation efficiency. With the constant weight of cargo carried, the vehicle body can be reduced in weight to achieve higher vehicle speed and less fuel. The purpose of consumption and reduction of pollutant emissions. China and Europe have different freight environments and different levels of economic development. In China's freight market, the low price of freight and low value-added raw material transportation make overloaded products still the mainstream.
At present, weight-based tolls have been imposed on virtually all expressways in the country, and more stringent overload management has been stipulated, which stipulates the maximum weight of goods and vehicles that are allowed to drive on the road. How can we improve both the quantity and the cost of the current shipment? Heavy truck companies are only trying their best to reduce their weight.
In the current case where domestic heavy self-respect is 15%-20% higher than that of a foreign model, the first is to optimize the vehicle design structure, and the second is to apply new materials on the basis of optimizing product structure. In the advanced stage of the application of new materials such as aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, rubbers, and plastics, the world’s leading heavy-duty heavy-duty giants have started from the basic design, optimized the structure, and rationally used new materials and technologies. Without reducing the carrying capacity, the overall weight reduction is achieved while China’s heavy truck companies are still busy at the initial stages of how to reduce weight and optimize the design of the vehicle body.
For example, heavy-duty trucks adopt aluminum alloy gearboxes, the small leaf spring structure of the Hongyan bearing system, and Shaanxi Automobile's lightweight frame have achieved the goal of lightweighting. Covering the entire generation with lightweight concepts is an overall upgrade without sacrificing any performance of the vehicle. The pioneering use of advanced technologies such as air suspension, aluminum alloys, vacuum tires, etc., set up the Swiss Union heavy truck but it is at the forefront of the market, which shows that the company's product R & D personnel intelligence and wisdom. Although Jirui United Heavy Trucks has not yet been listed, this advanced design concept is worth learning and admiring! Moreover, the author also participated in the preliminary product research and development and market research work, which gave birth to a few years of heavy truck products is a sentiment, and so far have been affectionate colleagues who have worked together with deep feelings!
Lightweight heavy-duty trucks, on the one hand, can save fuel and Dora runs fast, making money. When customers buy a car, especially when they buy trucks and tractors, their weight becomes a very important factor. Even if the price is slightly higher, trucks with light weight will be the first choice for customers. In general, every 10% reduction in the weight of a car will reduce fuel consumption by about 8%. This is undoubtedly very attractive to truck users who are struggling to survive in the era of high oil prices. If the vehicle's own weight is reduced by 0.8 tons, it can be loaded with 0.8 tons of cargo. According to the annual freight of 200,000 kilometers, the average freight rate is 0.28 yuan per kilometer, a lightweight heavy truck can increase the income of 50,000-60,000 yuan a year compared to an ordinary vehicle with the same load. yuan.
The management of overloading and weight-based charging are just the main motives for promoting the development of domestic heavy-duty trucks in the direction of lighter weight, and not only promote the upgrading of products and technologies, but also reduce the weight. And in order not to repeat past homogenization competition in the high-end market, research and development of lightweight vehicles with unique adaptability have become the second motivation for the internal development of the company.
For example, Shaanxi Automobile's 6×2 twin-axle light-duty tractors are 600-800 kg more weight than non-lightweight models on the Steyr platform, which is only 7.5 tons, which is 400-600 kg lighter than competitors’ lightweight models. It is reported that in the same model with the same total weight of goods, Shaanxi Automobile heavy trucks can pull 0.4-0.6 tons more than their competitors, and the direct economic benefit is as high as 36,000 yuan a year. Another example is that a truck company will change the original 306-mm double-deck beam of a tractor to a 273-mm double-beam frame, so that the weight of one vehicle can be reduced by about 500 kg. The double front steering axle 6×2 heavy-duty tractor can reduce one driving axle when the bearing capacity is basically the same as the 6×4 model. Although there is one more steering axle than the 6×4 model, the weight of the steering axle is It is hundreds of kilograms lighter than the drive axle.
At present, the majority of lightweight heavy trucks launched by domestic heavy truck companies are viewed from the perspective of core technology content, but there is still a certain gap between them and foreign high-end heavy trucks. The practice of domestic companies adopting parallel lightweight products outside the existing mainstream products is fundamentally different from the practice of reducing the weight of the entire product line during the upgrade process.
Heavy vehicles are known for their durability and strong bearing capacity. Users who request heavy loads or work in harsh conditions. According to relevant data, due to the reduced carrying capacity, many domestic lightweight heavy trucks can no longer adapt to the traditional car environment with high-intensity overload and long-term driving under bad road conditions. They can only work within the nominal load range, and on better-conditioned roads, they are more suitable for transporting lightweight, high-value goods. For specific vehicles with a single use and limited maximum load, the same lightweight technology route can also be adopted. If the user is still overloaded, it will cause serious damage to the lightweight heavy truck.
Right now, domestically-made lightweight heavy trucks, most aluminum alloy fuel tanks, fewer leaf springs or rubber suspensions, biased tires for radial tires, twin tires, etc., mostly stay in relatively simple parts replacement and lighter. Materials used. Or change the drive axle to a steering axle and change the double-layer beam to a single-layer beam, which is also a commonly used technical measure for domestic lightweight heavy trucks. However, due to the limitation of the technical level of domestic metal materials, it is not only that the weight loss is limited, but also that the weight-bearing capacity of the vehicle is greatly reduced.
In this “lightweight†boom in recent years, China’s joint venture component manufacturers’ automatic transmissions, aluminum alloy housing transmissions, fewer leaf spring suspensions, rubber suspensions, air suspensions, composite materials, and high-strength steel sheets Frames and other technologies have developed rapidly and the market has grown bigger and bigger.
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